Ethical Issues in Social Networking - 851 Words

When social networking becomes a topic of discussion, everyone sees it as a web based interaction between human beings in order to stay in contact. However, many are not aware that social networks actually operates on different levels. (Nanda, n.d.) outlines, quite some time ago, when there were limited means of communication, social networking happens at functions where friends and family get together under one roof. Social networking has always been common but as for now, the way it is conducted has changed. In this globalization era, social networking websites such as Facebook, MySpace, Orkut and Twitter are being utilized just for any purpose especially in multi level marketing, meeting new individuals and building virtual†¦show more content†¦It creates an awkward atmosphere when meeting a client face to face due to different impressions about one another without taking considerations of their own privacy. Another ethical issue that is getting extreme today is when companies go beyond limits of checking out a person`s social network profile. It does not just stop there. Some employers ask around randomly among the employees for the log in informations into their online social network sites. Based on an article by McFarland (2012), Justin Bassett, a New York City statistician, was having interview session with the authorities of a company he is looking forward to work in. Just after a few questions he is merely asked to hand in his username and password to his Facebook profile because they have no access looking into the content of his social network site. Bassett immediately withdrew his application because he did not want to work for a company that wants to bother his personal life. As much to this, it is obvious that this organization is not being ethical enough. Violating others personal privacy is not a way to get to know a person. Everyone needs a space where they can be themselv es and just who they are out of the corporate world. Cases like this brings down a company image and causes a thorough effect to the public relations department. Public relations practitioners would go through a lot of challenges toShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking Sites and Privacy1155 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction What do about ninety percent of us have in common? It’s the social networking sites that everyone is a part of these days, whether it’s your twelve year old nephew or your grandmother. Spending hours and hours connecting with your old friends and making new friends over the social networking sites has become a part of everyone’s daily routine. Nonetheless, recently privacy concerns over the social networking sites have taken its peak. Background It all started several decades back,Read MoreEthical Issues Of Social Media963 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Issues in Social Media Emerging Information Technologies are faced with numerous ethical issues. One of the most centers of ethical debate in Information Technology is social networks. Social networking has changed from a niche phenomenon to mass adoption. Although the concept of social networking was formulated in the 1960s, the advent of fast internet has sent the concept viral. Currently, social networks have been dogged with myriad ethical issues. Privacy issues are the epicenter of theseRead MoreEssay on Ethical Issues with Social Media1505 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Ethical Issues with Social Media People are increasingly sharing their lives online through social networking sites with little concern for who may be viewing their information. This has become an issue in current times and is up for debate based on the ethical issues associated with Social Media. People don’t realize joining a social network is like joining a community. As any community in real life, your business has a place in the community but should not invade one’s privacy. Social networkingRead MoreAssignment B1 1 Essay examples860 Words   |  4 Pages(12%) This assignment gives you an opportunity to analyze a key IT-related organizational ethical privacy issue subject to relevant laws, regulations, and policies. Both of the following sites provide sources and an excellent backdrop for issues relating to privacy protection and the law. See EPIC Report  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ at:  Ã‚  http://epic.org/reports/  Ã‚  See List on left:  Ã‚  HOT POLICY ISSUES and/or:   https://www.eff.org/issues/privacy   [see list at right on this page] This includes sub-topics discussing informationRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society And Changed The World1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe use of social media has vastly impacted society and changed the world. But what is social media? The definition of social media obtained from the Merriam-Webster dictionary is forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content. Social media websites have actually been around for a while, the first one was created in 1997. Social networking wasn’t asRead MoreApply Decision-Making Frameworks to It-Related Ethical Issue.1134 Words   |  5 Pagescommunication is social networking. During the recent years, social networking has been the victim of ethical issues concerning vigilance and safeguard of privacy for the members and their personal data. The invasion of personal information is a c ause of distress for many individuals and organizations. Moreover, it has become an issue that requires constant effort from the concerned parties who are striving to create a safe and comfortable environment for everyone to communicate on these social sites. DuringRead MoreSocial Media On The Work Place1529 Words   |  7 PagesSOCIAL MEDIA IN THE WORK PLACE ABSTRACT: Social media is the most common technical tool which is being used by the complete society in recent days. In addition, it plays a paramount role in the business world to maintain a continuous and flexible contact with the company employees. Further, there are two types of social media sites which are enterprise social media site and the consumer social media site. Enterprise social media network is for private use and the consumer social media is availableRead MorePrivacy and Computer Technology1813 Words   |  7 Pagesso are ethical issues. Because of the widespread, computer ethics are boiling down distinguishing what is good from what is wrong mentality. Everyones view on computer ethics differ, however all should keep in mind the value of ethics when making decisions that are ethics based. The golden rules of computer ethics state that, one should do to one another what he/she thinks should be done to them and if at least quite a number of people obey the golden rule, then the re would be no many issues concerningRead MoreEthics in Technology Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagestheir contribution to the development of computer technology would produce positive impacts on the people that would use it. During the infancy of computer technology, ethical issues concerning computer technology were almost nonexistent because computers back then were not as multifaceted as they are today. However, ethical issues relating to computer technology and cyber technology is undeniable in today’s society. Computer technology plays a crucial role in all aspects of our daily lives. DifferentRead MoreThe Facebook Profile: A Right or a Violation? Essay example1027 Words   |  5 PagesSocial networking sites such as Twitter or Facebook have created a new ethical dilemma for many businesses. Corporations, small businesses, and even universities are struggling create policies to manage their employees social networking behaviors. Social networking access, particularl y for recruiters, can provide personal information about potential employees, which would otherwise not be available. A business must follow statutes and guidelines when disclosing information to the public. Individuals

Field Attachment Report - 2692 Words

REPORT ON FIELD ATTACHEMENT AT AMOLATAR DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT BY AYEN MORIS OKUCU BEAS/31524/102/DU. ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR SIGNATURE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ NAME †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ DATE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ A FIELD ATTACHEMENT REPORT SUBMITTED TO KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF DEGEREE OF BACHELOR OF ECONOMICS AND APPLIED STASISTICS AUGUST 2012 DECLEARATION I, AYEN MORIS OKUCU declare that this report my own as a result of field training and has never been submitted to any institution of learning for any academic award. Signature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Name †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Date†¦show more content†¦5 CHAPTER TWO 6 MANAGEMENT OF THE INTERNSHIP TRAINING 6 2.0 INTRODUCTION. 6 2.1 POSITION HELD AT ORGANISATION. 6 2.2 DUTIE OF THE DEPARTMENT 6 2.3 RESPOSIBILTY ASSIGNED TO THE INTERNEE. 6 2.4 ROLE OF THE WORKPLACE SUPERVISOR 10 CHAPTER THREE. 11 FINDING AND OBSERVATIONS. 11 3.0 INTRODUCTION. 11 3.1 PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION 11 3.2 DECISION MAKING 13 3.3 MANAGEMENT OF THE INFORMATION. 13 3.4 COMPUTER SKILL. 13 3.5 PROBLEM SOLVING 13 CHAPTER FOUR 14 DISSCUSSION AND RECCOMENDATION. 14 4.0 INTRODUCTION 14 4.1 CHALLENGES OF THE ORGANISATION. 14 4.2 INDIVIDUAL CHALLENGES. 14 4.3 RECOMMENDATION 15 4.4 CONCLUSION 15 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The institutional structure. 4 Figure 2: Responsibility assigned to the internee. 7 Figure 3: Purchase Order Subproject 8 Figure 4: Delivery notes 9 Figure 5: Good receive note/inspection report. 9 Figure 6:Methodology 12 CHAPTER ONE 1. O INTRODUCTION Amolatar District Local Government is located in the Northern region of Uganda ,it is in the Northern direction from Kampala city and also situated within Lake Kyoga. It consist of fourteen (14) sub-counties and eight parishes. It is amongst the District benefiting from a government program me called Second Northern Uganda Social Action fund (NUSAF2). 1.1 NAME OF THE ORGANISATION. It is government program called Second Northern Uganda Social Action Fund(NUSAF2) 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE ORGANISATION As a result of the economic stagnation arising out ofShow MoreRelatedChild Development On A Concept Of Attachment And Behavior That Are Measured From The Ethological Evolutionary Perspective1298 Words   |  6 Pageswas organized while the initial author was the fellow of a Center for Study in the advanced field of Behavioral Sciences. The paper was presented during the annual American Psychological Association meeting in September 1968 at symposium conducted in Francisco. The study focus on child development on a concept of attachment and behavior that are measured from the ethological evolutionary viewpoint Attachment exploration and behavior are in balance view, and a biological importance of each is discussedRead MoreImplementation Of The Standard Objects1350 Words   |  6 Pagesand custom fields to capture information relevant to your business. These standard objects will be configured and designed to fit the requirements outlined for VadaTech below. †¢ Account Object: Setup the Account Page Layout / Fields to align with source data for Accounts. Specific modifications will be determined after the current Account data is reviewed during the Business Process Review. o Cases: Related field that shows the case and ticket history o Entitlements: Related field that showsRead MoreBowlby : The Father Of Attachment Theory1503 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered to be the Father of Attachment Theory. He believed infants have a biological predisposition to form attachments with others because they depend on others to fulfill their needs for survival. He also believed attachment instinct could be activated by various threats, such as fear and separatism. This instinct is activated because primary caregivers allow infants to develop a sense of security and secure base for the infants to explore the world. The attachment theory developed when BowlbyRead MoreInfluences of Attachment Theory on Personality Development 1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe concepts proposed by attachment theory have been very influential to the field of personality psychology. Over the years, many studies have supported the notion that mother-child attachment styles during childhood can impact future styles of behavior. Research conducted by Festa and Ginsburg (2011) examined the impact of parental and peer factors on the development of social anxiety amongst children. Further research conducted by Li and Chan (2012) examined the specific impact of anxiety andRead MoreThe Development of Attachment Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesThe Development of Attachment 1. Outline the development of attachment According to Shaffer, the development of attachment can be divided into four main phases. Other researchers have then added two additional stages to this original theory.  · Pre Attachment Phase – from birth to 3 months. From 6 weeks the baby develops an attraction to other humans, especially adults in preference to other objects. This can be illustrated through social behavioursRead MoreInternship Reflection1099 Words   |  5 Pagesand I feel that I have to become more self-aware of those feelings (good or bad) and learn how to regulate them in a way that it will not reflect on my work and outcomes with clients. This is a way that I started to exercise my self-awareness in the field. Through this first part of the internship I’ve discovered what best works for me and what doesn’t. What can occasionally interfere in my learning is the fact that I get anxious about deadline furthermore when I feel that I am behind. This impactsRead More The Development of Attachment Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as attachment theory. John Bowlby, the creator of this theory, wanted to examine how early childhood experiences influence personality development. Attachment theory specifically examines infant’s reactions to being separated from their primary caregiver. Bowlby hypothesized that the differences in how children react to these situations demonstrates basic behavioral differences in infancy that will have consequences for later social and emotional development. To study attachment theoryRead MoreThe Primary Focus Of Educational Psychology765 Words   |  4 Pagescognition can greatly affect an individual. Ensuring a proper academic foundation is key to aiding on ones developmental success. There are many factors that play into a child’s educational achievement such as pre-natal development, caregiver attachment, culture, household make-up, economics, cognitive ability, and environment to name a few. Several theorists can impact the practices of Educational Psychology, two in particular are Urie Bronfenbrenner and John Bowlby. With either of their theoriesRead MoreThe Study Of Child Psychopathology796 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 706-716. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x/abstract The study of child psychopathology is a more recent discussion topic among professionals and experts in the psychology field. There have been several studies that support the idea that child psychopathology is an indicator or predictor for long-term mental issues. However, this brings up an important question as to how a child develops psychopathic characteristics. ResearchRead MoreEssay Scientific Inquiry 1286 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess of critical thinking and asking questions that helps determine factual information that has been tested and proved or disproved instead of relying on assumptions and intuition. Scientific inquiry is important in psychology, as it is in all fields of science, allowing us to examine assumptions, assess outcomes, discern hidden values, evaluate evidence, and put ideas to the test. This scientific approach guards us against hindsight bias, believing after learning an outcome that we would have

Cultural Diversity In Local Politics Essay Research free essay sample

Cultural Diversity In Local Politics Essay, Research Paper Cultural Diversity in Local Politicss Overview This paper explores the bounds and potencies of cultural and racial alliance edifice in Los Angeles. The demographic alterations that have occurred in Los Angeles during the past 20 old ages have been extraordinary, both in range and diverseness. The country has witnessed a actual roar in population growing, increasing from 7 million in 1970 to 8.8 million in 1990. ( US Bureau of the Census ) However, it is the dramatic alteration in cultural and racial diverseness of the population which has caught most perceivers attending. Los Angeles has taken on a new signifier in footings of its racial diverseness, traveling from a biracial to a multi-ethnic scene. The non-Hispanic White population has declined from its 71 per centum portion in 1970 to a narrow numerical plurality of 41 per centum of the county # 8217 ; s population in 1990. Meanwhile, the Latino and Asian Pacific population witnessed a duplicating # 8212 ; from 15 % to 39 % # 8212 ; and near quadrupling? from 3 % to 11 % of their population portions severally. Meanwhile, African Americans, while somewhat turning numerically, were a changeless portion of the county population ( 11 % ) during this period. ( Oliver and Johnson:57-94 ) Thus, on the Eve of the 21st century, Los Angeles has one of the most ethnically diverse populations of any metropolitan country in the state. What does this cultural diverseness mean for multi-ethnic alliance edifice in the political relations of Los Angeles County? Does the altering human ecology addition the chance for cultural cooperation? Or, has the cultural alterations increased instead than decreased the chances of interethnic struggle? Introduction After the 1992 public violences, a clarion call was issued from all corners for the emerging multi-ethnic bulk to take its rightful topographic point in the political relations and leading of the metropolis. A multi-ethnic alliance, it ws suggested, could take the metropolis to a new multicultural hereafter. This call was clearly built on the premise that three frogmans groups? African Americans, Asian Pacific Islanders and Latinos? could come together and prosecute a alliance built on their common involvements. But what do we make cognize about the chances of multi-ethnic alliances? There is voluminous literature on urban political relations. However, this literature has been shaped chiefly by the inquiry of racial political relations. ( Browning, Marshall and Tabb ) That is, how have traditional urban political relations, read White political relations, been affected or impacted by the function of Blacks on the urban scene. Probably the most influential work on Black/White urban political alliances was Carmichael and Hamilton # 8217 ; s Black Power. ( Carmichael and Hamilton ) In this work, as in most of the literature, the foundation of alliances were based on common involvements. They argued that all political dealingss are based on common ego involvement? benefits to be gained and losingss to be avoided. From this position, Carmichael and Hamilton argued, there were no lasting friends or enemies for Blacks in their battle for freedom and power? merely impermanent confederations when ego involvements coincide. Therefore, they rejected the impression that White progressives, whose ideological orientation was favourable to Black aspirations, should be viewed as dependable and digesting Alliess. Rather, they were perceived as one among many which could be either possible Alliess or possible antagonists on the route to power. Carmichael and Hamilton # 8217 ; s accent on involvements and political orientation entirely, when extended to the multi-ethnic scene of Los Angeles, portends a instead black hereafter for multi-ethnic alliances. Alliances hammering common involvements are non readily apparent or clear among the diverseness of racial and cultural groups in Los Angeles. Furthermore, category and cultural divisions between and within cultural and racial groups have structured viing and cross-cutting involvements that, on the face, appear to be overpowering. Cultural groups, for illustration, have diverse involvements based on such factors as citizenship, ethnicity and category. Latinos are divided by the diverse involvement of an immigrant noncitizen population and citizen native population. This became evident in the wake of the public violences when the largely Mexican Americans, citizen-based East Los Angeles leading attempted to dissociate themselves from the more Central-American and recent Mexican immigrant-based occupants of South Central Los Angeles. ( Ramos and Wilkinson ) This division expressed a long standing concern that the Latinoization of Los Angeles political relations was in fact being ushered in under Mexican hegemony. Likewise, diverse involvements are evident on the footing of national beginning. Among Asiatic Pacific Islanders, long standing historical divisions between Koreans, Nipponese, and Chines cause, in some critical instances, group hostility as opposed to integrity. And even African Americans have strong category cleavages that, despite the conjunct efforts of some in-between category Blacks to make out to the demands and the concerns of their less advantaged brethren, show increasing marks of developing into two separate communities. Therefore, in the context of Los Angeles, it is progressively hard to gestate of common involvements among groups who do non themselves have massive involvements. Making common involvement the footing of alliances is exacerbated by the more digesting and apparently intractable issues that derive from the structural concerns cited earlier. Give the economic alterations that have pitted some groups against others for scarce societal and economic resources, conflicting involvements hold begun to emerge around at least four cardinal countries: Jobs, instruction, offense, and the function of authorities. Economicss Since the rebellion, the issue of occupations has become a centripetal force in intergroup dealingss in Los Angeles. While most surveies indicate that there is comparatively small or no supplanting of Blacks by immigrants in the labour market, public sentiment polls systematically show that Blacks are more likely than any other racial group to believe that immigrants take occupations off from native-born Americans. ( Oliver and Johnson:449 ) The most general look of this belief in Los Angeles was the action of Danny Bakewell and the Brotherhood Crusade which picketed reconstructing sites after the public violences in an effort to guarantee that Black labour was involved in the rebuilding of South Central Los Angeles. ( Boyarsky: b2 ) Many Blacks look at Latinos traveling to work mundane and inquire why they themselves do non make non hold occupations? While at the same clip, many Latinos expression at Blacks who are non working and perceive Blacks as lazy and irresponsible. Therefore, two groups ravaged by poorness are divided by their diverse experience in the labour market. Education Education, like occupations, appears on its face to be an country of common involvement for the emerging multi-ethnic bulk. The deficiency of instruction, or hapless instruction, is straight related to economic disadvantage. It would therefore look that issues such as the reform of public instruction would be in the involvement of all of these groups. But, like the issue of occupations, separate involvements permeate the educational sphere, reflecting both cultural and structural issues. Nascent cultural struggles exist over the issue of bilingualism in the schools. White persons, Blacks, and other native-born English talkers express a certain grade of concern over the importance of bilingual instruction for non-English talkers? the recent push of the English-only amendments is but one illustration. ( Horton:578 ) Blacks are concerned on a figure of foreparts. Given that Blacks and Latinos portion school installations more frequently than White persons and Latinos, Black parents show a certain ill will to bilingualism, fearing that it will halter their kids # 8217 ; s already delicate committedness to instruction. A Black male parent in a focal point group instantly following the public violences noted that he moved his kid out of the Lynwood District following a parent-teacher conference in which # 8221 ; ? the instructor comes and tells me that he # 8217 ; s ( his boy ) kiping in class. # 8221 ; The male parent finds out from his boy that he is kiping because # 8220 ; They # 8217 ; re all speech production Spanish. # 8221 ; ( LASUI:1992 ) Similarly, this issue has a structural side to it every bit good. Blacks are concerned that bilingualism will go another screening device to deny Blacks entree to both learning places and administrative places in public bureaucratisms. Advocates of bilingualism, on the other manus, truly indicate out the increasing necessity of a bilingual course of study as the proportion ofd nonnative English-speaking pupils mushrooms. Therefore, instruction becomes another forum where entree to occupations, prestigiousness, and income become the footing for differing multiethnic involvements. Crime Another country of evident common involvement is in the battle against street offense. Crime, particularly street offense, affects communities of colour much more earnestly than Anglo countries. However, immigrant and native minorities have far different involvements and sentiments sing how offense should be addressed. For Blacks and native Latinos, the # 8220 ; acquire tough, more constabularies, longer gaol sentences # 8221 ; scheme is viewed with a certain sum of intuition. While these policies are by and large perceived as valid, there is a concern that these policies will disproportionately adversely affect the young person in their communities. Polices ferociousness will increase, youth will stop up with condemnable records that affect their ability to acquire a occupation, and long sentences will take to the development of a hardened condemnable subculture. On the other side, recent immigrants who are already involved in entrepreneurial activities find the # 8220 ; acquire tough on offense # 8221 ; agenda the apparently Panacea for a life of changeless menace on the streets. Mired in some of the most unsafe and vulnerable countries of the metropolis, this group sees street offense as their biggest enemy in the battle for economic and physical endurance. Their concern is immediate and a heavy handed constabulary and bench is seen as the most efficient agencies to turn to the issue. Role of Government Finally, on the ideological degree, there are some systematic differences between native and immigrant minorities. Native minorities see the function of authorities in much more positive ways. After decennaries of contending for basic civil right, the province is seen as an of import defender of those rights. Legislation designed to saloon favoritism in employment, public scenes, instruction and lodging are viewed as necessary and of import implements to procure these rights. The function of authorities is to step in, to do the playing field carnival, and, to see that minorities are protected from the maltreatments of the bulk. Immigrant minorities, peculiarly those who have a strong entrepreneurial urge, are much less sanguine about the function of authorities. They are more likely to resemble # 8220 ; Republicans # 8221 ; in their laissez faire position of the function of authorities. This is peculiarly the instance in the country of any province intercession in the economic system? an country in which native minorities have been naming for greater engagement, non less. Taken together, the preceding is Sues portend that it will be extremely improbable for the multicultural alliance to emerge. They basically show that a narrow attack to alliances based on common involvements and political orientations about dooms the development of multi-ethnic alliances from the start. The Crisis of Progressive Politicss: The 1993 Los Angeles Mayoral Election The 2nd largest metropolis in the US. , Los Angeles is home to a lasting and powerful biracial alliance? the 20 twelvemonth confederation that sustained Tom Bradley # 8217 ; s mayoralty. Chiefly built by African Americans and broad Jews, the Bradley alliance grew to embrace concern and labour, Latinos and Asiatic Americans. But Los Angles itself has changed dramatically in recent old ages. In the aftermath of lay waste toing civil force in 1992, the Bradley alliance, already deteriorating ? fell from power with the election of a conservative Republican as city manager in 1993. The Black and White populations in the metropolis were challenged by a immense rise in other groups, peculiarly Latino and Asiatic Americans. Thus, Los Angeles has moved from the theoretical account of biracial political relations to the more debatable centre of multi-ethnic political theorizing, terrible societal struggle, and the push back of minority additions. The more exasperating issue is the uncertainness about way and vision. On what footing should alliances be built? colour, category, race, or some other common factor? Two outstanding waies for progressive political relations are rainbow and biracial alliances. In the # 8220 ; rainbow # 8221 ; theory, alliances can best be formed among people of colour, with the engagement of a little figure of progressive White persons. The confederation will be held together by a common disaffection from a White-dominated society, along with a progressive political orientation and common economic involvements. It # 8217 ; s roots lie in the theory of alliance espoused in Carmichael and Hamilton # 8217 ; s Black Power, naming on African Americans to construct alliances non on broad political orientation but on self involvement and a more extremist review of the system. ( Carmichael and Hamilton ) It # 8217 ; s popularity grew with the naming and publicity of the alliance by Jesse Jackson in his presidential runs. The rainbow theoretical account contrasts with the biracial or interracial alliance, in which minority integrity is supplemented by extended links to broad and moderate White persons, The most outstanding White participants in such alliances are Jews. Shared broad political orientation allows members of these alliances to temporarily construct Bridgess across racial lines. Such alliances have provided the footing for the rise of minority political power in a broad assortment of scenes and for the Bradley alliance in Los Angeles. ( Browning, Marshall and Tabb ) Despite the Riordan election being a kind of ideological anomalousness, it was however really of import. It marked a powerful displacement at metropolis hall from a Westside-minority alliance to a Valley-centered government with limited minority power. A characteristic of the Bradley old ages had been the laterality of metropolis committees by progressives from Westside and minority countries. ( Sonenshein: Ch9 ) Riordan was in a place to alter the way of the authorities, and more of import, to set up the leading credibleness of the conservative side. If he were to win, he would put imperfects in a diminished place for some clip to semen. And in clip this might take to a more conservative electorate. In the short tally, nevertheless, there was non a cardinal displacement to the right among the metropoliss electors. Underliing the Riordan triumph were two other of import factors: involvement struggles among the metropolis # 8217 ; s groups and the quality of the leading in assorted communities. Research on interracial alliances suggests that political orientation, involvement and leading are the finding factors in the formation and endurance of such confederations. ( Sonenshein ) By 1993, the public # 8217 ; s perceptual experience of life in Los Angeles had reached critical depressions, moved steadily along by the fright of offense and upset, and so exponentially by the public violences in 1992. LA was a really unhappy metropolis, non merely in the interior metropolis countries, and surely in the suburban San Fernando Valley. White alienation with the position quo was less seeable, but given the White laterality of the elector axial rotations, it carried a great electoral clout. Interminority struggle had been turning every bit good for a figure of old ages ; and the metropolis became even more crowded, grittier and crime-ridden as groups contended over infinites that had antecedently been separate. Approximately 400,000 more people lived in Los Angeles than a decennary before. The engine driving the population addition was in-migration by Latinos and Asians. Suddenly the in-migration issue was going explosive. All this took topographic point in the thick of a acerb recession that hit LA and all of California highly hard. A major proportion of all occupations lost nationally were lost in California, peculiarly in Southern California. South Central Los Angeles, one time a Black bastion, is now a contested country among Blacks, Latinos and Korean American shopkeepers. ( Oliver and Johnson:449 ) Koreatown is now divided between Korean Americans and Latinos. The close San Fernando Valley, one time all White, is now to a great extent Latino. The impression that Los Angeles was populating a captivated urban life, immune from the troubles of other large metropoliss was destroyed in the force of April 1992. Korean American shops were attacked in both South Central LA and in Koreatown. The 1993 mayoral election coincided with the sudden disappearing of a whole coevals of leaders. Within a really short span, Mayor Tom Bradley, Police Chief Daryl Gates, District Attorney Ira Reiner, and county supervisor Kenneth Hahn left office. Those who remained in office were either excessively natural and new, or excessively tied to their ain communities to construct alliances. Others made their trades with Richard Riordan. Few who would take at the grass roots had the clout or the involvement in constructing citywide alliances. Never in the thirty-year span of biracial political relations had there been so few well-known people seeking to make this work. The most widely known progressive leaders in the metropolis was likely the new constabularies head from Philadelphia, Willie Williams. Beyond the autumn of these leaders was the loss of assurance created by the lay waste toing force of 1992. The Watts rebellion of 1965 brought assurance to imperfects. They were out of power, and could see the force as a failure of the conservativists sin power. ( Sonenshein ) No such position could be believable in 1992, after about 20 old ages of biracial broad regulation. The debacle of turning over the Reconstruction of South Central to businessman Peter Ueberroth bespoke a sense of weakened legitimacy at metropolis hall. And would that non be indirectly an statement for the election of a man of affairs like Riordan a twelvemonth subsequently? Decision The 1993 election of Richard Riordan was a [ powerful licking for progressive political relations in LA. Already melting as the new decennary came in, the opinion biracial alliance lost its manner wholly after the civil agitation of 1992. With its leaders aging or go forthing office, with an electorate disenchanted with authorities policies and with the province of their metropolis, fortunes favored the conservative foreigner with limitless financess and a simple message. But the significance of the election was much more complex than a simple displacement to the right. The ideological footing of alliance political relations remained integral, and in that sense the Riordan run represented an adjustment to the overall liberal/moderate nature of the metropolis # 8217 ; s electors. Even an uneffective progressive campaigner got 46 per centum of the ballot. The ideological potency besides counted for less than in the past, now that the metropolis was filled with involvement struggles and unsure leading. After Yorty # 8217 ; s licking in 1969 to Tom Bradley, liberalism was weaker as an electoral base than it is today, but leading and involvement were far stronger in the way of successful alliance and triumph. The prevailing argument between rainbow and biracial alliance political relations eventually led to the licking of both. The rainbow theoretical account, by contrast to the interracial attack, is excessively narrow to be successful. If imperfects concede the majority of the White ballot to the conservativists, and confine their minority entreaties to the rainbow political orientation, so they will be confronting licking for a long clip to come. Latinos and Asiatic Americans must be approached on their ain footings, non merely as sunglassess of the rainbow. Their involvements are alone, and their concerns must be taken earnestly. Hebrews should non be randomly excluded from progressive alliances, they still represent the individual greatest nexus between minority communities and White persons. It is important to construct crosstown alliances, non merely to seek and construct an inner-city confederation against everybody else. To keep power, imperfects need to recognize that the other side is more formidable than in the yesteryear. Conservatives have gone beyond rubbishy demagogy? or at least they do non necessitate to prime the pump any longer? and are reasoning that they can regulate. This attack makes them a lay waste toing menace to take control of the centre. And the centre affairs once more in urban political relations ; if imperfects want justness and conservativists want peace, the balance of power progressively remainders with those who want both peace and justness. In the broadest sense, the 1993 LA elections shows the importance of the argument between biracial and a rainbow theoretical account of minority political relations. In the long tally, the cost of unexamined premises on this inquiry may be profound. ? the push back of hard-won minority political addition. To use the lessons of biracial alliance political relations to a new coevals of imperfects in LA is the most of import undertaking in the old ages to come. Bibliography Boyarsky, Bill. # 8220 ; Competing for Jobs in the New LA, # 8221 ; Los Angeles Times, June 19, 1992. , sec. B, p.2. Browning, Rufus, P. , Dale Rogers Marshall and David Tabb, Protest is Not Adequate: The Struggle of Blacks and Hispanics for Equality in City Politics ( Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984 ) . Carmichael, Stokely, and Charles V. Hamilton, Black Power ( New York: Vintage Books, 1967 ) . Horton, John. # 8220 ; The Politics of Cultural Change: Grass Roots Responses to Economic and Demographic Restructuring in Monterey Park, California, # 8221 ; Urban Geography 10:6 ( 1989 ) : 578-592. LASUI ( Los Angeles Survey of Inequality ) Focus Group Interviews, 1992. Oliver, Melvin L. , and James H. Johnson, Jr. , # 8220 ; Interethnic Conflict in an Urban Ghetto: The Case of Blacks and Latinos in Los Angeles, # 8221 ; Research in Social Motions, Conflict, and Change 6 ( 1984 ) : 57-94 ; US Bureau of the Census.. op. cit. Oliver and Johnson, see above ; Besides by Oliver and Johnson, # 8220 ; Interethnic Minority Conflict in Urban America: The Effectss of Economic and Social Dislocations, # 8221 ; Urban Geography 10 ( 1989 ) : 449-463. Ramos, George and Tracy Wilkinson, # 8220 ; Unrest Widens Rifts in Latino Population, # 8221 ; Los Angeles Times, May 8, 1992. Sonenshein, Rafael J. , Politics in Black and White: Race and Power in Los Angeles ( Princeton: New jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993 ) . US Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing. ( Washington, DC: United states Bureau of the Census, 1970 ) .

Sailing to Byzantium by William Butler Yeats

The poem â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† was written by William Butler Yeats in 1926, and it was part of a collection called Tower. The title of the poem refers to the ancient city of Byzantium in Turkey that is presently known as Istanbul. It is the first of two poems known together as the Byzantium series. The poem has four eight-line stanzas that are metered in iambic pentameter.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sailing to Byzantium by William Butler Yeats specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The poem is prismatic in nature and viewed from the right perspective, it reveals a spectrum of meanings and emotions. It is through the use of many literary devices that the poet is able to convey these multiple meanings. Yeats, drawing from his personal life experiences, effectively dwells on the themes of escape from the world’s troubles and a search for immortality. Through his meticulous choice of words Yeats br ings out the frustration and intense need for escape and immortality that many people feel in their moments of desperation. In this poem, Yeats imagines himself to be a traveler leaving Ireland for sixth century Byzantium – of which he first talks about highly and then rejects. The poem revolves around the central theme of transformation. Life ends with death and youth evolves into age. The end of youth and life is lamented by Yeats who tries to find spiritual rebirth by leaving the land he is familiar with to a new land, Byzantium. There is a blurring of the physical and spiritual rebirths as the speaker envisions himself as a work of art that can live forever. He opens with the description of the land he has just abandoned. The opening line: â€Å"That is no country for old men.† It is a land of perpetually renewed youth. The poet expresses his deep concern for ‘old age’ while in a subtle manner; he also implies that it is a country that is meant for the young and lively things. These youthful things and abundance of life are well brought out by the poet by references to the ‘the young in one anothers arms’ ‘birds in the trees† ‘the salmon-falls’ and ‘the mackerel crowded seas’ (Yeats 2-4). This is followed by the line â€Å"Whatever is begotten born and dies.† This shows the frustration of the poet at the inevitability of mortality. Yeats rues the fact that the society tends to focus only on the sensual things of the present world and ignores more substantial things such as wisdom and intellect: â€Å"Caught in that sensual music all neglect/Monuments of unageing intellect† (Yeats 7-8). These monuments refer probably to Yeats’ own poetry and philosophy.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the second stanza of the poem Yeats carefully asserts why he has r ejected the land of eternal youth and chosen to â€Å". come/To the holy city of Byzantium.† He has grown old and nearing his death and feels very much out of place in the land he has left. The old man, according to Yeats, is â€Å"a paltry thing, / A tattered coat upon a stick† (Yeats 9-10). These lines seem to reflect the poet’s own physical inability and old age. The poet says that the only thing that can give life to such an old man is the ability to sing through his poetry. The poet holds that poetry is the magic potion that can revive him and help him to overcome the transience of time and old age. â€Å"For every tatter in its mortal dress† (Yeats 12) refers to the human body that is suffering from many physical inabilities. The poet reflects that there is no ‘singing school’ implying that poetry cannot be taught. It needs to be studied and that is why the poet travels across the seas and decides to arrive at the â€Å"holy city of By zantium†: the holy city is a sort of paradise that the poet holds in his mind. Here, the writer uses symbolism. His reference to sailing to Byzantium seems to be metaphorical voyage to a land where art and intellect are valued as things of magnificence and permanence. The third stanza expresses the intense plea of the poet to the divine sages of Byzantium to save him from death. He calls out to them â€Å"O sages standing in God’s holy fire† (Yeats 17). He wants them to come from the holy fire and allow him the gift of creating poetry. This is what the poet expresses through the lines: â€Å"Come from the holy fire, perne in a gyre/And be the singing-masters of my soul† (Yeats 19-20). He wants poetry to rule his heart which has no identity of its own: â€Å"It knows not what it is;† (Yeats 23) At this point, the poet once again refers to his aging body and his desires trapped in the aging body through the lines â€Å"sick with desire/And fastened t o a dying animal. The last lines of the stanza are paradoxical. Despite his impotency, the poet is â€Å"sick with desire.† Through the gift of poetry, the poet firmly believes, the sages can save him from mortality and enter the â€Å"artifice of eternity†. In the final stanza, the poet says that once he has escaped mortality, he will not desire to take any natural form as all natural forms are bound to die one day or other. Instead he desires to be a beautiful gold bird. This gold bird would be one like those made by â€Å"Grecian goldsmiths/ Of hammered gold and gold enamelling† (Yeats 25-26). He might in the form of this beautiful golden bird would then enjoy the power â€Å"To keep a drowsy Emperor awake;† He might also be â€Å"set upon a golden bough to sing/To lords and ladies of Byzantium/Of what is past, or passing, or to come† (Yeats 31-32). In this final stanza the poet refers to the fact that true immortality can be acquired only throu gh an intellectual permanence of poetry. The poet feels through his poetry â€Å"the golden bird†, he will be able to â€Å"sing† to many people about â€Å"the past, the present and the future†.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sailing to Byzantium by William Butler Yeats specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This reference to the past, the present and the future indicates the permanence and timelessness the poet believes can come through poetry. The poet in this case symbolically transfigures himself into the very thing he creates. The bird signifies not nature but a work of art and thereby symbolizes all his poetic achievements – â€Å"the artifice of eternity† into which he wants to be gathered. The poet uses symbolism widely in this poem. He refers to a bird in each stanza and the meaning of the bird as one that represents immortality and freedom from physical inabilities is fou nd in the last stanza. The bird is not a natural bird but rather a golden bird and one that is artistically made. This means that the bird is not mortal and cannot die. The fact that it is artistic shows that only through poems – considered works of art in literature- the poet can achieve that immortality. The metaphor of singing that the poet uses throughout the poem refers to the ‘music’ in poetry. Initially, in the first stanza, he talks about the singing of the birds in the trees and in the next two stanzas, there are references to a ‘singing school’. In the last stanza, the poet talks about the song of the golden bird. Thus the poet interweaves the concept of singing throughout the poem. According to him, the world of immortality can be attained only through the intelligent act of writing and reading poems. It has been found that Yeats has used personal experiences to color his poem in a brilliant manner. He came to know about Byzantine art two decades before writing this poem. This knowledge of Byzantine art has been used by him when he writes about the Byzantine mosaics for imagery in the third stanza. When Yeats was nearly sixty years old, he saw Mediterranean mosaic works that compared the permanence of art with the transience of nature (Allen 3728). The impact can be felt in the lines: â€Å"Once out of nature I shall never take / My bodily form from any natural thing, / But such a form as Grecian goldsmiths make† (25-27). Yeats, during that period was suffering physically and was old. His depressed feelings at home made him desire travel. It is probably this desire that is expressed through the metaphoric voyage in the poem. (Allen 3728). Yeats refers to the words associated with mortal life in monosyllables such as â€Å"fish, flesh, fowl† and â€Å"aged man†. But he uses polysyllables to express the permanence of intellect such as â€Å"Monuments of unageing intellect† And â€Å"Of hamm ered gold and gold enamelling.† This technique allows an undercurrent of the superiority of art over human life to flow through the poem. Moreover, when he is in Ireland, Yeats writes of Byzantium and when he reaches Byzantium of his imagination, he writes of nature – simultaneously rejecting and celebrating it.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The poem can be taken as a metaphor for the poet’s journey to an ideal afterlife, or as a commentary on the permanence of artistic achievement or both. However, one finds through the use of metaphors, and symbolic language, the poem â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† is kaleidoscopic and offers multiple ways of interpretation. Moreover, it has become a poem that can be included in comparisons with other poems in the realm of travel, age, nature, birds as symbols and afterlife. It is mostly due to its multiple interpretive capabilities that this poem has reached the permanence and timelessness the poet sought during his lifetime. Works Cited Allen, James Lovic. â€Å"William Butler Yeats.† Critical Survey of Poetry: English Language Series. Revised ed. Vol. 8. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs: 1992. 3709-3729. Yeats, William Butler (1927). Sailing to Byzantium. This essay on Sailing to Byzantium by William Butler Yeats was written and submitted by user Lily Merritt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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